Distributed organizations increasingly rely on cloud architectures to support global operations, remote workforces, multi-branch ecosystems, and cross-border data flows. While cloud platforms offer scalability and efficiency, they pose complex governance challenges involving compliance, security risk management, identity control, workload protection, and multi-cloud interoperability. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for Cloud Security Governance (CSG) tailored for distributed organizations. Using socio-technical theory and risk governance principles, we outline the structural layers, policies, controls, and decision mechanisms required to secure cloud operations. Our framework integrates Zero-Trust Architecture, Shared Responsibility Models, Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) controls, and multi-tier compliance management. The study contributes a theoretical foundation and a practical roadmap for organizations navigating hybrid and distributed cloud ecosystems.