Autonomous systems—including self-driving vehicles, intelligent robots, drones, and AI decision-making tools—are reshaping modern society. As these systems gain greater independence from human control, ethical and legal concerns have become central to global policy debates. This research article examines the ethical, moral, and regulatory frameworks governing autonomous technologies. It synthesizes theoretical foundations from machine ethics, human-centered AI, and legal jurisprudence to propose a multi-level governance model for regulating autonomy. The study identifies major issues such as accountability gaps, algorithmic biases, privacy risks, liability challenges, safety standards, and cross-border regulatory inconsistencies. A conceptual framework integrating ethical principles, legal doctrines, and technical safeguards is presented to guide future development and deployment of autonomous systems.