Edge computing has emerged as a transformative paradigm for processing data closer to its source, reducing latency, enhancing security, and optimizing bandwidth. As organizations shift toward IoT-driven operations, real-time analytics, and distributed digital infrastructures, edge computing adoption becomes vital for sustaining competitive advantage. However, deploying edge solutions requires navigating technological complexity, organizational readiness, ecosystem integration, and security concerns. This paper develops a comprehensive conceptual framework for edge computing adoption, synthesizing technological, organizational, economic, and governance factors. The framework provides a roadmap for decision-makers, system architects, and policymakers to evaluate readiness, design edge architectures, integrate cloud–edge ecosystems, and ensure security, scalability, and performance optimization.