Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption remains a critical determinant of competitiveness and growth for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). However, SMEs across developing and developed economies continue to face multi-dimensional barriers that hinder successful ICT integration. This research article explores the nature, categories, and implications of ICT adoption barriers in SMEs by synthesizing empirical and theoretical literature. A conceptual model illustrating technological, organizational, environmental, and human factors influencing ICT adoption is presented. The findings highlight financial constraints, lack of skilled staff, resistance to change, inadequate infrastructure, cybersecurity concerns, and regulatory challenges as key obstacles. The paper concludes by offering recommendations and proposing future research directions for strengthening ICT readiness in SMEs.