The global transition to 5G wireless technology is reshaping digital ecosystems, with profound implications for supply chain transformation. 5G’s low latency, massive machine-type connectivity, and ultra-reliable communication capabilities form a foundational infrastructure for Industry 4.0. This paper examines the theoretical impact of 5G on digital supply chain transformation by integrating supply chain management theories, digital ecosystems theory, cyber-physical systems (CPS), and resource-based theory. The research develops a conceptual model demonstrating how 5G accelerates predictive analytics, real-time visibility, automation, autonomous logistics, robotics, and smart warehousing. Findings indicate that 5G-enabled supply chains gain competitive advantage through agility, resilience, data-driven decision-making, and network-wide synchronization.